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File SDBM_File.pm

package SDBM_File;

use strict;
use warnings;

require Tie::Hash;
require XSLoader;

our @ISA = qw(Tie::Hash);
our $VERSION = "1.14";

our @EXPORT_OK = qw(PAGFEXT DIRFEXT PAIRMAX);
use Exporter "import";

XSLoader::load();

__END__

=head1 NAME

SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files

=head1 SYNOPSIS

use Fcntl;   # For O_RDWR, O_CREAT, etc.
 use SDBM_File;

tie(%h, 'SDBM_File', 'filename', O_RDWR|O_CREAT, 0666)
   or die "Couldn't tie SDBM file 'filename': $!; aborting";

# Now read and change the hash
 $h{newkey} = newvalue;
 print $h{oldkey}; 
 ...

untie %h;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

C<SDBM_File> establishes a connection between a Perl hash variable and
a file in SDBM_File format.  You can manipulate the data in the file
just as if it were in a Perl hash, but when your program exits, the
data will remain in the file, to be used the next time your program
runs.

=head2 Tie

Use C<SDBM_File> with the Perl built-in C<tie> function to establish
the connection between the variable and the file.

tie %hash, 'SDBM_File', $basename, $modeflags, $perms;

tie %hash, 'SDBM_File', $dirfile,  $modeflags, $perms, $pagfilename;

C<$basename> is the base filename for the database.  The database is two
files with ".dir" and ".pag" extensions appended to C<$basename>,

$basename.dir     (or .sdbm_dir on VMS, per DIRFEXT constant)
    $basename.pag

The two filenames can also be given separately in full as C<$dirfile>
and C<$pagfilename>.  This suits for two files without ".dir" and ".pag"
extensions, perhaps for example two files from L<File::Temp>.

C<$modeflags> can be the following constants from the C<Fcntl> module (in
the style of the L<open(2)> system call),

O_RDONLY          read-only access
    O_WRONLY          write-only access
    O_RDWR            read and write access

If you want to create the file if it does not already exist then bitwise-OR
(C<|>) C<O_CREAT> too.  If you omit C<O_CREAT> and the database does not
already exist then the C<tie> call will fail.

O_CREAT           create database if doesn't already exist

C<$perms> is the file permissions bits to use if new database files are
created.  This parameter is mandatory even when not creating a new database.
The permissions will be reduced by the user's umask so the usual value here
would be 0666, or if some very private data then 0600.  (See
L<perlfunc/umask>.)

=head1 EXPORTS

SDBM_File optionally exports the following constants:

=over

=item *

C<PAGFEXT> - the extension used for the page file, usually C<.pag>.

=item *

C<DIRFEXT> - the extension used for the directory file, C<.dir>
everywhere but VMS, where it is C<.sdbm_dir>.

=item *

C<PAIRMAX> - the maximum size of a stored hash entry, including the
length of both the key and value.

=back

These constants can also be used with fully qualified names,
eg. C<SDBM_File::PAGFEXT>.

=head1 DIAGNOSTICS

On failure, the C<tie> call returns an undefined value and probably
sets C<$!> to contain the reason the file could not be tied.

=head2 C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>

This warning is emitted when you try to store a key or a value that
is too long.  It means that the change was not recorded in the
database.  See BUGS AND WARNINGS below.

=head1 BUGS AND WARNINGS

There are a number of limits on the size of the data that you can
store in the SDBM file.  The most important is that the length of a
key, plus the length of its associated value, may not exceed 1008
bytes.

See L<perlfunc/tie>, L<perldbmfilter>, L<Fcntl>

=cut

Name	Type	Size	Permission	Last Modified	Actions
.	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:25
..	DIR	-	dr-xr-xr-x	2025-10-21 10:57:26
B	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
CORE	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:25
Devel	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:25
File	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
Hash	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
I18N	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
IO	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:25
IPC	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-28 08:07:09
PerlIO	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
Sys	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
Tie	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-28 08:07:09
Time	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:25
asm	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
asm-generic	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
auto	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-28 08:07:09
bits	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
gnu	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
linux	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
machine	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-28 08:07:18
sys	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-29 10:57:24
vendor_perl	DIR	-	drwxr-xr-x	2025-07-28 08:07:18
B.pm	text/plain	30.72 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
Config.pm	text/plain	3.12 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
Config.pod	text/plain	250.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
Config_git.pl	text/plain	409 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
Config_heavy.pl	text/plain	55.33 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
DynaLoader.pm	text/plain	24.63 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
Errno.pm	text/plain	6.7 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
Fcntl.pm	text/plain	3.95 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
GDBM_File.pm	text/plain	1.51 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
IO.pm	text/plain	1.42 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
NDBM_File.pm	text/plain	2.44 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
O.pm	text/plain	4.11 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
ODBM_File.pm	text/plain	2.33 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
Opcode.pm	text/plain	15.52 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
POSIX.pm	text/plain	19.72 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
POSIX.pod	text/plain	71.98 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
SDBM_File.pm	text/plain	3.46 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
_h2ph_pre.ph	text/plain	28.57 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
arybase.pm	text/plain	2.75 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
attributes.pm	text/plain	16.53 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
endian.ph	text/plain	4.36 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
features.ph	text/plain	13.37 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
lib.pm	text/plain	5.87 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
mro.pm	text/plain	9.86 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
ops.pm	text/plain	997 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
perllocal.pod	text/plain	3.31 KB	-rw-r--r--	2024-03-13 05:14:35
re.pm	text/plain	22.16 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:09
signal.ph	text/plain	3.3 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
stdarg.ph	text/plain	2.8 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
stdc-predef.ph	text/plain	840 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
stddef.ph	text/plain	12.08 KB	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
syscall.ph	text/plain	86 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
syslimits.ph	text/plain	452 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
syslog.ph	text/plain	85 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18
wait.ph	text/plain	83 B	-rw-r--r--	2025-07-28 08:07:18

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